Pension paralysis

Saving not found to be a financial priority for UK workers

Worryingly, pension inertia is rife across the UK with many Britons failing to make saving for their old age a priority as they fall into a short-term saving trap. Saving for retirement is not looked upon as a priority until workers reach their 40s and 50s, according to new research involving a survey of 2,824 employees at medium and large private sector companies in the UK conducted by LifeSight, Willis Towers Watson’s UK DC master trust.

Instead, leisure and general household costs come up on top, with retirement saving ranked to be the seventh most important financial concern for employees in the UK. Additionally, the number of workers with financial concerns has jumped to 52% from the lower percentage of 46% in 2015, while retirement confidence 15 years after finishing work has fallen from 61% to 55% during that time.

Importance of retirement savings
As the younger generations are set to be in work longer than their predecessors, starting to save from an early age is extremely beneficial. For millennials especially, short-term goals are much more important than long-term savings, and so employers have the added difficulty of communicating the importance of retirement savings to them.
However, even with the ranking falling low on list of priorities, it was found that 67% of British workers consider retirement security important, a percentage found to be greater than that of the last two or three years.

Increased pressure on employers
It was also found that 69% save for retirement primarily through workplace pensions. The UK Government expects one million people to opt-out of workplace pension auto-enrolment in 2019. This means 27.5% of members opting out of auto enrolment by 2019, which would be a rise from 21.7% in 2018 and an estimated 10% today – totalling to 13 million people expected to be outside pension saving by then.

The research clearly indicates that employees are looking for their employers to take the lead with their retirement savings, using their workplace pension as their main means of saving. Even though this adds increased pressure on employers, making sure they are communicating effectively with their employees about the options available to them and the importance of long-term savings is a must.

PENSIONS ARE A LONG-TERM INVESTMENT.

THE RETIREMENT BENEFITS YOU RECEIVE FROM YOUR PENSION PLAN WILL DEPEND ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS INCLUDING THE VALUE OF YOUR PLAN WHEN YOU DECIDE TO TAKE YOUR BENEFITS, WHICH ISN’T GUARANTEED, AND CAN GO DOWN AS WELL AS UP.

THE VALUE OF YOUR PLAN COULD FALL BELOW THE AMOUNT(S) PAID IN.

Lasting Power of Attorney

A Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) is a legal document that allows you to appoint one or more people to make decisions on your behalf during your lifetime. The people you appoint to manage your affairs are called the ‘attorneys’. An LPA is a completely separate legal document to your Will, although many people put them in place at the same time as getting their will written, as part of wanting to plan for the future.

During your lifetime

Once you have an LPA in place, you can have peace of mind that there is someone you trust to look after your affairs if you became unable to do so yourself during your lifetime. This may occur, for example, because of an illness, old age or an accident.

Having an LPA in place can allow your attorney to have authority to deal with your finances and property, as well as make decisions about your health and welfare. Your LPA can include binding instructions together with general preferences for your attorney to consider. Your LPA should reflect your particular wishes so you know that the things that matter most would be taken care of.

Required legal capacity

You can only put an LPA in place whilst you are capable of understanding the nature and effect of the document (for example, you have the required legal capacity). After this point, you cannot enter into an LPA, and no one can do so on your behalf.

Many people don’t know that their next of kin has no automatic legal right to manage their spouse’s affairs without an LPA in place, so having to make decisions on their behalf can become prolonged and significantly more expensive.

A Lasting Power of Attorney for health and welfare can generally make decisions about matters including:

Where you should live
Your medical care
What you should eat
Who you should have contact with
What kind of social activities you should take part in

You can also give special permission for your attorney to make decisions about life-saving treatment.

A Lasting Power of Attorney for property and financial affairs decisions can cover:

Buying and selling property
Paying the mortgage
Investing money
Paying bills
Arranging repairs to property

Manage your affairs

Without an LPA in place, there is no one with the legal authority to manage your affairs, for example, to access bank accounts or investments in your name or sell your property on your behalf. Unfortunately, many people assume that their spouse, partner or children will just be able to take care of things, but the reality is that simply isn’t the case.

In these circumstances, in order for someone to obtain legal authority over your affairs, that person would need to apply to the Court of Protection, and the Court will decide on the person to be appointed to manage your affairs. The person chosen is appointed your ‘deputy’. This is a very different type of appointment, which is significantly more involved and costly than being appointed attorney under an LPA.

If you wish to have peace of mind that a particular person will have the legal authority to look after your affairs, and you want to make matters easier for them and less expensive, then you should obtain professional advice about putting in place an LPA.

Looking to the future

Taking the steps now to prepare yourself for retirement

With increasing numbers of people working past traditional retirement ages[1], stopping work can seem a long way off, especially for younger people. But it’s the dream of an early retirement that keeps many people going through the daily work grind.

Fantasies of a round-the-world cruise, sundowners on a seaside terrace or writing a best-selling novel can make work endurable. The good news for many is that the dream of an early retirement is being realised[2], with nearly two thirds (60%) of those stopping work this year doing so before their expected State Pension age or company pension retirement date.

Escape the daily grind
It appears that those planning to escape the daily grind early feel the most comfortable when it comes to their financial situation in retirement – with over half (56%) saying they feel financially well prepared, compared with 49% of those working towards their expected retirement date. That’s reflected in the numbers taking financial advice – 68% of early retirees are seeking professional advice compared with 60% of those working until their projected retirement age.

The opportunities that retirement brings are limitless, with travelling or spending long periods abroad high on many people’s wish lists. The average age of those retiring early is 57, and early retirees are planning to make the most of their free time – over a third (37%) plan to take up a new hobby or sport, 27% will start voluntary or charity work, and nearly a fifth (17%) are planning a long-term holiday or gap year.

Meeting your life goals
But early retirement also can bring with it the challenges of meeting your life goals, such as funding a child’s education and their wedding, along with bearing household expenses long after you’ve retired because of increasing life expectancy.

To retire earlier requires planning, discipline and paying close attention to your savings and investments. But the sacrifices and extra effort are worth it to enable you to have more opportunities to spend time with the people you care about.

Reasons to start saving for retirement early

You’ll prepare in a more relaxed way
Saving for 30 years instead of 10 means you can put away less money each month and reach the same target. It’ll also mean you have cash left over to spend on yourself in the meantime.

Earn more thanks to compound interest
If you start saving today, you’ll earn more because interest payments build up – every interest payment you receive starts earning corresponding interest itself right away.

You will enjoy greater peace of mind
Putting in place a plan for your retirement means you can start looking forward to a more comfortable retirement. You’ll feel more confident about life after work knowing things are taken care of from a financial perspective.

You could retire earlier
If you manage your wealth and retirement planning wisely, you might find you’re ready to retire younger than you’d imagined. Give yourself more time for the things you’ve always dreamed of doing.

Plan when you have more disposable income
It’s normally the case that you have more disposable income from your twenties into your early forties. Later in life, you may find that you have more responsibilities – children’s education and mortgage payments, for example – and find it harder to put money into your retirement fund every month. Start early while you have extra funds. τ

Source data:
[1] https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/fivefactsaboutolderpeopleatwork/2016 -10-01
[2] Research Plus conducted an independent online survey for Prudential between
29 November and 11 December 2017 among 9,896 non-retired UK adults aged 45+, including 1,000 planning to retire in 2018.

Cultivating the art of patience

Sticking with a long-term commitment to your investments

The longer you’re prepared to stay invested, the greater the chance your investments will yield positive returns. That means holding your investments for no less than five years, but preferably much longer. During any long-term investment period, it is vital not to be distracted by the daily performance of individual investments. Instead, stay focused on the bigger picture.

Putting your money into the market
Success in the stock market is all about time and patience. But it’s understandable that when you put your money into the market, you will be tempted to check up on how your investments are performing on a regular basis – and in our technology-driven age, you can monitor them 24/7.
Seeing investment prices fall, sometimes with alarming speed, can be enough to spook even the most experienced of investors. But remember that the reasons why you identified a particular fund or share as a sound investment in the first place should hopefully not have changed. The fall could just be down to market conditions as much as anything the individual company or fund manager has done, and in many cases, given enough time, investments should hopefully recover their value.

Leave your emotions to one side
However, at the same time, it is essential to leave your emotions to one side, because on occasion there could be a good reason to sell. Just because something appeared to be a good investment a year ago doesn’t mean it will be going forward.

Developing the art of patience will help keep you focused on your goals. Whatever happens in the markets, in all probability your reasons for investing won’t have changed.

Some investors develop their own exit strategy knowing in advance how far an investment’s value must fall or rise before they will consider selling. Such a plan can enable investors to ride out short-term market corrections and movements.

Help smoothing out your returns
Bear in mind, too, the benefits of so-called ‘pound-cost averaging’ during periods of market volatility. Essentially, if you are investing on a regular basis, your contributions will buy more shares when prices are low and less when they are expensive. Over the long run, this should help smooth out your returns, though there is no guarantee of this.

Too much tinkering not only undermines your investment aims but will also ratchet up the costs. Every time you buy or sell an investment, there’s a charge – sometimes several will be incurred. Investors can easily overlook the reality that by making even small adjustments, the charges can start eroding any profits earned.

Rebalancing your portfolio’s risk profile
As a result, for many investors, it’s best not to develop a regular buy-and-sell habit. And remember, no one knows which days will turn out to be the best trading ones – and by being out of the market, you could miss them.

For all investors, there will come a time when the portfolio needs to be rebalanced. A major reason for a realignment is when the actual allocation of your assets – be that shares, government bonds, corporate bonds or cash – no longer matches your risk profile.

Keeping your investments appropriately diversified
Alternatively, it may be because your investment horizons have shortened. Perhaps, for example, your retirement date is getting closer. These are solid reasons for selling some assets and buying new ones to keep your investments appropriately diversified. Any period of active portfolio management should be a process of change, which is both well planned and well executed.

It may be tempting to spend any income generated by your investments, but if you don’t need it in the short term, why not plough it back into your portfolio? This will increase the number of shares you own. And, of course, a bigger shareholding means more dividend payments next time around.

INFORMATION IS BASED ON OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF TAXATION LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS. ANY LEVELS AND BASES OF, AND RELIEFS FROM, TAXATION ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.

THE VALUE OF INVESTMENTS AND INCOME FROM THEM MAY GO DOWN. YOU MAY NOT GET BACK THE ORIGINAL AMOUNT INVESTED.

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE.

Have you considered whether you or a relative may need to enter residential care or a nursing home in the future?

Most will have considered a pension for the end of their working life, but this is an additional expense that many overlook. Care home bills alone can eat up £50,000 a year and who knows how long you might need to reside there. Specialist care for dementia patients is likely to be higher.

Whether you opt for a part or full-time carer in your home or move into a specialist residence, it’s not likely to be cheap. Your local authority may be able to cover some of the costs, if you are eligible, but may limit your choices. Eligibility will be decided based on whether you have savings or property, to specific limits, as well as pension income. It also depends on the type of care required.

Gifts

Gifts can be made throughout your life, in order to reduce assets, but not in lump sums to avoid paying care fees. You could fall foul of the rules if you rely on this idea.

Portfolio

So how do you make the most of any available investments and income? Investing for Tomorrow can help you to restructure your portfolio to generate an income stream to help cover funding gaps. You may also need to face the reality that your wealth will be spent on your future care rather than being left to your family or charity.

Power of Attorney

As you grow older, it is a good idea to prepare a power of attorney (POA) and to discuss your finances with your relatives so that they are aware of your wishes should you be unable to action them yourself. This safeguard ensures that your chosen appointee must act in your best interest, not in theirs.

Assets

It’s also important to consider all of your assets. Sites like mylostaccount can be useful in finding forgotten accounts. Property should be valued for letting purposes as well as sales. Equity release is also an option for those who are able to remain in their own home.

Insurance

Unfortunately, insurance policies are no longer available to pay for care unless you already have one. Instead you can buy an Immediate Needs or Care Fees Annuity (INA) where, in exchange for a capital lump sum, the annuitant will receive a monthly payment for as long as they survive. The advantage here is that an INA will continue to pay out no matter how long you or your relative live.

Investments

If you are comfortable investing, a stock market portfolio is also a possibility to generate both an income and capital gains. However, managing a portfolio to pay care home fees could mean following a different set of rules to the ones you use to run your own portfolio due to shorter timescales. Taxes and exemptions must also be considered.

Nobody likes the idea of getting old and not being able to adequately look after themselves or their family. Taking steps now could remove added financial burdens from many already tough decisions. For example, a POA can be made online.

Do feel free to get in touch with our planners should you need more information or help with any of the above.

t: 01422 349 131
e: info@iftwm.com

Understanding investment risk

Making informed decisions to improve your chances of achieving your financial goals

Your investment time frame will determine your risk profile to some extent, as this has a direct bearing on your capacity to take risk. Risk capacity is also influenced by factors such as your age, wealth, and the goals you are saving and investing for. Your capacity for risk is likely to change over the course of your life as your personal circumstances change.

If you understand the risks associated with investing and you know how much risk you are comfortable taking, you can make informed decisions and improve your chances of achieving your goals.

Risk is the possibility of losing some or all of your original investment. Often, higher-risk investments offer the chance of greater returns, but there’s also more chance of losing money. Risk means different things to different people. How you feel about it depends on your individual circumstances and even your personality. Your investment goals and timescales will also influence how much risk you’re willing to take. What you come out with is your ‘risk profile’

Different types of investment
None of us likes to take risks with our savings, but the reality is there’s no such thing as a ‘no-risk’ investment. You’re always taking on some risk when you invest, but the amount varies between different types of investment.

As a general rule, the more risk you’re prepared to take, the greater returns or losses you could stand to make. Risk varies between the different types of investments. For example, funds that hold bonds tend to be less risky than those that hold shares, but there are always exceptions.

Losing value in real terms
Money you place in secure deposits such as savings accounts risks losing value in real terms (buying power) over time. This is because the interest rate paid won’t always keep up with rising prices (inflation).

On the other hand, index-linked investments that follow the rate of inflation don’t always follow market interest rates. This means that if inflation falls, you could earn less in interest than you expected.

Inflation and interest rates over time
Stock market investments might beat inflation and interest rates over time, but you run the risk that prices might be low at the time you need to sell. This could result in a poor return or, if prices are lower than when you bought, losing money.

You can’t escape risk completely, but you can manage it by investing for the long term in a range of different things, which is called ‘diversification’. You can also look at paying money into your investments regularly, rather than all in one go. This can help smooth out the highs and lows and cut the risk of making big losses.

Capital risk
Your investments can go down in value, and you may not get back what you invested. Investing in the stock market is normally through shares (equities), either directly or via a fund. The stock market will fluctuate in value every day, sometimes by large amounts. You could lose some or all of your money depending on the company or companies you have bought. Other assets such as property and bonds can also fall in value.

Inflation risk
The purchasing power of your savings declines. Even if your investment increases in value, you may not be making money in ‘real’ terms if the things that you want to buy with the money have increased in price faster than your investment. Cash deposits with low returns may expose you to inflation risk.

Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of not achieving a financial reward due to a borrower’s failure to repay a loan or otherwise meet a contractual obligation. Credit risk is closely tied to
the potential return of an investment, the most notable being that the yields on bonds correlate strongly to their perceived credit risk.

Liquidity risk
You are unable to access your money when you want to. Liquidity can be a real risk if you hold assets such as property directly, and also in the ‘bond’ market where the pool of people who want to buy and sell bonds can ‘dry up’.

Currency risk
You lose money due to fluctuating exchange rates.

Interest rate risk
Changes to interest rates affect your returns on savings and investments. Even with a fixed rate, the interest rates in the market may fall below or rise above the fixed rate, affecting your returns relative to rates available elsewhere. Interest rate risk is a particular risk for bondholders.

Pensioner debt

Worrying increase on last year’s figure

The over-65s in the UK are expected to owe around £86 billion by the end of 2018, according to latest figures from the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) and More 2 Life. Total debt had increased on last year’s figure of £78 billion, as borrowing grew £35 billion in just three years. The research forecast that all types of secured and unsecured debt to retirees would exceed £142 billion by 2027.

When conducting the research, CEBR took borrowing including mortgages, credit cards, overdrafts, loans, car finance, hire purchase, student loans, payday loans and store cards into consideration.

Researchers have suggested that this increased level of debt is down to a number of factors, including this generation’s use of interest-only mortgages, current borrowing trends and relatively modest pension savings.

University of Birmingham’s college of social sciences Louise Overton said: ‘Worryingly, this report indicates that a significant minority are carrying secured and unsecured debt to help manage cash flow problems and make ends meet.’

Dave Harris, chief executive officer at More 2 Life, said the rapid increase in the retirement lending market ‘will only be exacerbated by an ageing population, people buying houses at a much later stage, and shrinking pension pots resulting in low retirement incomes.’

He added: ‘For growing numbers of people aged 65 and over, financial products that draw on the resource of housing wealth may well turn out to be the optimal way for them to solve the financial challenges they and their families have to face in future.’

Driving towards the next phase of your life

Getting the date right can help you reach your destination sooner

At some point you’ll say ‘goodbye’ to your co-workers, get into your car and drive towards the next phase of your life – retirement. But when will that be? The move to retirement is one of the most important decisions you’ll make, so it’s not surprising that determining the date is harder than you may ever expect.

However, most over-45s are not making plans to match their hopes for the future according to new research[1]. The vast majority (86%) of those aged 45 or over are already dreaming about escaping their working life for retirement, but only 8% of the same age group have recently checked the retirement date on their pension plans to make sure it is still in line with their plans. Over half (56%) don’t have a clear idea of when they want to retire, and only one in ten (10%) have worked out how much income they’ll need when they decide to stop working.

The study reveals that it doesn’t get much clearer as you go up the generations. Less than a fifth (17%) of those aged between 55 and 64 have recently checked to see if the retirement date on their pension policy still fits in with their plans.

Some people will have set their retirement date when they were in their 20s or 30s, and a great deal will have changed since then, including their State Pension age and perhaps their career plans. It may seem like a finger-in-the-air guess when you’re younger, but the date that you set for retirement on a pension plan does matter. It will often dictate how your money is being invested and the communications you receive as you get nearer to that date.

Reasons to keep your retirement plans up to date

Right support, right time
If the date you plan to retire changes or you simply want to take some of your pension without stopping working, it’s important to tell your pension company provider. Otherwise you may not receive information and support about your pending retirement at the most helpful times, as they’ll be basing this on your out-of-date plans.

De-risking investments
Some investment options will start to move your pension savings into lower-risk investments as you get closer to retirement. If you don’t have the right retirement date on your plan, you could be moving into these investments at the wrong time. For example, if you move into them too early, you could potentially miss out on investment returns that could increase the value of your pension savings. But if you move too late, you could be exposing your life savings to unnecessary risk.

Investment pot
The size of pension pot you need to build up to maintain your lifestyle when you come to retire will depend on when you plan to do so.

Income
If you’re planning to buy an annuity at retirement, which will guarantee you an income for the rest of your life, the amount of income you’ll get will depend on the size of your pot and annuity rates at that time. If you prefer to use your pension savings more flexibly, you can keep your money invested and take it as and when you require it. You’re then responsible for making sure your life savings last as long as you need them to.

Source data:
[1] Research was carried out online for Standard Life by Opinium. Sample size was 2,001 adults. The figures have been weighted and are representative of all GB adults (aged 18+). Fieldwork was undertaken in November 2017.

PENSIONS ARE A LONG-TERM INVESTMENT.

THE VALUE OF YOUR PLAN COULD FALL BELOW THE AMOUNT(S) PAID IN.

When I’m gone

How a simple list can help your loved ones after your death

Although it may not feel like it, your family finances are probably more precarious than you think. It’s all well and good when the breadwinners are healthy and working, but if something unfortunate were to happen, the outlook for those around you could change instantly.

Research from Macmillan[1] highlights the worrying fact that two in three people living in Britain don’t have a Will – including 42% of over-55s. Without an up-to-date Will, the law could supersede a person’s final wishes and leave treasured possessions, money, property and even dependent children with someone they may not have chosen.
This news comes despite official guidance recommending that people review their Will every five years and after any major life changes[2], yet a quarter of Wills have not been updated for at least five years[3].

Top five things to do to help your loved ones after you have gone:

1. Write a Will
A Will ensures that the right people inherit from you, and while most of us know how important it is to have a Will and keep it up to date, many of us don’t do it. The research shows that three in five adults (60%) don’t have a Will, and a quarter (26%) of those are aged 55 and above. It’s especially important for cohabitating couples to have a Will, as the surviving partner does not automatically inherit any estate or possessions left behind.

2. Think about care of children
If you have children, it’s important to decide on guardians, but three in five (58%) parents with children under 18 haven’t chosen guardians should they die. Think about who you would want to step into this role, and ask them if they’d be happy to do so. Then make sure you appoint them as guardians in your Will.

3. Write a ‘when I’m gone’ list
More than one in ten (12%) adults admitted that it would be very difficult for anyone to handle their financial affairs after they died. Pulling together all your personal and financial information into one simple document can really help your loved ones when you’re gone.

4. Make a plan to pay for your funeral
Research shows that the average cost of a funeral is around £3,800, with one in six people (16%) saying they struggled with the cost. Having a plan in place to pay for your funeral will mean your family won’t have to find several thousand pounds at a difficult time.

5. Have a conversation with your family
Having a conversation with your family about your wishes can remove a great deal of uncertainty for them in the event of your death. The research shows that of those who have had to arrange a funeral, two in five (41%) were not left any instructions from the deceased. Starting a conversation might include talking about your funeral wishes with your loved ones or showing them where your important documents are kept.

Source data:
[1] Macmillan/Opinion Matters online survey of 2,000 UK adults. Fieldwork conducted 1–4 December 2017. Figures based on total population.
[2] Office for National Statistics. UK population mid-year estimate for adults aged 18 or over. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland [Accessed 12 December 2017]
[3] https://www.gov.uk/make-will/updating-your-will

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE.

Protection matters

Families face a precarious situation if the worst were to happen

Everyone’s circumstances are different, but most people start to think about cover to help protect their family financially once they have children. But research from Scottish Widows[1] reveals that 60% of women in the UK with dependent children have no life cover, leaving their families in a precarious situation if the worst were to happen.

The research also shows that only 13% of mums have a critical illness policy, leaving many more at risk of financial hardship if they were to become seriously ill.

Placed at financial risk
Three in ten (31%) mums admit their household would be placed at financial risk if they lost their income due to unforeseen circumstances. One in four (25%) claim they could only pay their mortgage for a maximum of three months, while two fifths (39%) say they would have to use their savings to pay for such adverse circumstances.

The research also suggests that many mothers are underestimating the value of their role within the household. Almost a quarter (24%) say that they’ve not taken out life insurance because it’s not a financial priority or they don’t think they need it. And 7% of mums without critical illness cover say they’d rather take the risk of not having it than take out a policy.

Everyday responsibilities
However, on top of any day jobs, mums spend almost 23 hours a week on childcare and chores such as school runs and housework[2] – tasks which they believe their families could not afford to pay for should the worst happen to them. Three fifths (61%) of women with dependent children also say their household would struggle to complete everyday responsibilities or pay household bills if they were to fall ill or pass away.
Lack of planning is leaving many families in a vulnerable position. When asked how they’d cope should they or their partner not be able to work for six months, three in ten (29%) mothers say they’d rely only on state benefits. And more than half (57%) don’t have the protection of a Will or guardianship arrangement in place for their families.

Support reduction
With a new Bereavement Support Payment system now in place, which may result in a significant reduction in the period over which support will be available, it’s more important than ever for mothers to review their financial protection needs. This is especially the case for cohabitees, who still don’t qualify for bereavement benefits.

The value of protection is to provide long-term peace of mind about having financial security in place for your dependents. And changes to bereavement benefits mean that it’s more important than ever for mothers to review their financial protection needs and seek advice to make sure their household is covered.

Source data:
[1] Scottish Widows’ protection research is based on a survey carried out online by Opinium, who interviewed a total of 5,077 adults in the UK between 16 and 27 March 2017.
[2] This number is calculated by combining women’s self-reported time spent per week on taking children to school, preparing family meals, helping children with homework, housework, getting children ready for school, picking up children from school and watching children play sport.

call: 01422 349 131

email: info@iftwm.com

Month: July 2020